基于无人机低空拍摄图像的垃圾监测——以青岛石雀滩为例

日益增加的海滩垃圾已经成为全球性环境问题,开展海滩垃圾监测是治理海滩垃圾污染、改善海岸带生态环境的基础环节。基于无人机低空拍摄技术开展了青岛石雀滩全区域的垃圾调查,从数量和面积两个角度研究了石雀滩垃圾的空间与特征分布,并分析其来源情况。结果表明:石雀滩的垃圾在空间分布上具有差异性,近岸区的垃圾明显多于中间区和远岸区;研究区域内,小型、中型垃圾在数量上占优,大型、特大型垃圾在面积上占比较高;塑料类垃圾是石雀滩垃圾的优势类别;白色和绿色是石雀滩垃圾的主色调;人类海岸活动和航运/渔业类活动是石雀滩垃圾的重要来源。研究从技术上提供了一种基于无人机低空拍摄图像定量监测海滩垃圾的新方法,该方法效率高、成本低、流程简单,具有明显的优越性以及潜在的推广和应用价值,可为市政管理部门治理海滩垃圾污染、改善海岸带环境提供基础资料。

DISTRIBUTION OF GARBAGE IN SHIQUE BEACH, QINGDAO BY ANALYZING UAV-TAKEN LOW-ALTITUDE IMAGES

The increasing beach garbage has become a global environmental problem, and the monitoring of beach garbage is a basic task to control beach garbage pollution on coastal zones. We conducted a survey on garbage distributed in the Shique Beach, Qingdao using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude photography technique, and studied the distribution and sources of different garbage in quantity and area. Results show that distribution of garbage in different zones of the beach was uneven:significantly more garbage in near-shore zone than in the middle- and far-shore zone. Small and medium-sized garbage dominated in terms of quantity, and large and extra-large garbage dominated in terms of area in the study area. Plastic garbage was the dominant category of garbage. White and green were the dominant colors of garbage. Human coastal activities and shipping/fishing activities were major sources of garbage. This study provided a new technical solution to the pollution problem and a new method for quantitative monitoring of beach garbage based on low-altitude images taken by UAVs, which is highly efficient, low cost, and simple procedure, and shall have obvious advantage for promotion. In addition, this study presented basic information for local government to control beach garbage pollution and purify the coastal zone environment.