1980-2009年黑龙江省玉米种植期低温冷害环流形势

利用1980-2009年5-9月黑龙江省24个气象站逐月平均气温资料、玉米品种及发育期资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析逐月500 hPa高度格点资料，分析玉米种植期间低温冷害的历史特征和低温冷害期间各类型500 hPa环流月平均距平合成场特征。结果表明：玉米种植期间，8-9月份最容易出现冷害，其余的排序是6、7月和5月。玉米种植期间，北部出现低温冷害的次数最多，东部、中部、西部次之，南部最少；南部出现低温冷害时，北部、中部和西部均出现了低温冷害，东部大部分出现了低温冷害。发生玉米低温冷害的月份，低温冷害发生区域月平均500 hPa高度距平场大多为负距平；玉米低温冷害发生区域对应的500 hPa高度距平值明显具有严重区域小于一般区域小于轻微区域的特征。

Circulation situation characters of low temperature and cold damage for corn during growth period from 1980 to 2009 in Heilongjiang province

Based on the mean monthly air temperature in 24 weather stations during May to September from 1980 to 2009 in Heilongjiang province, maize varieties data, the observational data during corn growth period and the monthly NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data at 500 hPa, the characters of low temperature and cold damage and the mean monthly anomaly synthetic field of different circulation situations at 500 hPa were analyzed. The results indi- cate that cold damage often happens in August and September during corn growth period, followed in June, July and May. The frequency of cold damage is the highest in the north, then in the east, the middle and the west, while it is the lowest in the south of Heilongjiang province. When cold damage appears in the south, it also happens in the north, the middle and the west as well as in most of the east. The mean monthly 500 hPa anomaly fields in the region of cold damage are mostly negative values in the month of cold damage. The cold damage regions are divid- ed into three subregions, i. e. serious subregion, common subregion and weak subregion. The 500 hPa anomaly values in cold damage region are the highest in the serious subregion, then in the common subregion, and it is the low- est in the weak subregion.