Stratigraphic and geotechnical characterization of regionally extensive and highly competent shallow sand units in the southern North Sea

A detailed stratigraphic and geotechnical investigation of the uppermost 50 m below the sea floor was carried out for parts of the German North Sea sector using combined information from shallow seismic reflection surveys, 50-m-long sediment cores and cone penetration tests covering an area of ~150 km². While most recent studies concentrate on unusual features such as buried tunnel- or river-valleys, this study focused on the less well understood, regionally dominant sand units deposited after the retreat of the last glaciers in this region. We identified two sandy units which dominate the late- to post-Saalian geology: (i) the Upper Fluvial Member, believed to be derived from deposition of the Weser, Ems and Elbe palaeorivers as well as other tributaries of the Elbe Palaeovalley in the NE during the Saalian; and (ii) the Aeolian Member, which correlates with periglacial deposits of Weichselian age. Additionally, a Saalian Buried Valley Member believed to comprise fluvial deposit was also identified. Key stratigraphic units within the uppermost 50 m below the sea floor were also identified and mapped. Detailed geotechnical properties were obtained for each of the individual stratigraphic units. The regional extent of the Aeolian and Upper Fluvial Members was documented in the region west of the Elbe Palaeovalley and south of the Dogger Bank, where their geotechnical properties are important for foundation design. In conclusion, the study complements the established regional geotechno-stratigraphy and offers new and detailed publically accessible information beneficial for offshore wind farm development within the region.