军事地球科学：历史经验与现代挑战

军事地质学以战争和和平时期军事活动实践应用为研究领域，在军事行动、作战环境、战场情报和非战争军事行动中具有重要应用价值。军事需求应用推动军事地质学向军事地球科学创新发展。军事地球科学基于地球科学交叉学科，致力于研究解决军事活动涉及的多元自然物质属性、多层空间物理特征和多系统环境挑战。总结国外军事地质学应用研究历史经验，归类军事地球科学研究的地学环境影响历史战争、地球科学对军事活动影响、地缘安全利益与资源需求、支持军事活动的地球科学技术等重点领域，建议我国军事地球科学关键问题聚焦理论方法、典型场景和全球议题，提出现代科学挑战：(1)战场地学空间情报的智能应用；(2)陌生地域特殊环境隐匿目标的遥感侦察识别技术；(3)战场侦察的法证军事地球科学；(4)军事新能源安全保障；(5)现代战争军事地球科学。综述研究成果为提升地质工作服务国防和军队现代化能力提供了科学依据。

Military Geosciences : Past Lessons and Modern Challenges

Knowledge and understanding of the application of geological process to warfare and peacetime practices have been fundamental to military operation, operational environment, battlefield intelligence and MOOTW. Military geology is the term used to describe this area of geological knowledge. Over time the application of military geology has changed as these military requirements such as weaponry, battlespace and geopolitical influences have altered the scale and dynamics of military operations, the concept of military geoscience is formally proposed. Military geoscience focuses on military activities of multi- material, multi- layer and multi- system environmental properties within the earth, on the basis of multifaceted disciplines of earth science. This paper summarizes the past history lessons of military geology and induced five research fields of military geoscience abroad, including of the impact of geo- environment on historical warfares, the impact of earth science on military activities, geopolitical security interests and resource needs, as well as geoscience technologies in military activities, it is suggested that the research progresses and key scientific problems on military geoscience need to be more focused on great military demands and applications such as theory and methodology, typical scenarios and global issues. Therefore, there are several research challenges to be addressed as five follows: (1) the intelligent application of battlefield geospatial intelligence; (2) RS recognition technology for hidden targets in unknown area; (3) military geoforensics of battlefield reconnaissance and trace identification; (4) military new energy security; (5) military geoscience in modern warfare. Above overview of achievements will be an important research evidence for domestic military geoscience on disciplinary development and military application.