广东省的湿地:功能、价值、利用和湿地丧失的缓解措施

广东的湿地生态系统包括基塘系统、红树林、湿生植被和水生植被等4种生态系统，是特别而有经济价值的植被类型，这些湿地类型分别在支持生物地化循环、保堤护田护村、调节气候、净化环境、生物多样性保育、提供能源、提供生物学科学教育基地和生态旅游地、生产多样化的社会经济原料和产品等方面有着独特而重要的作用。但随着社会的发展．其面积在减少，质量不断下降。结构破坏直接导致了功能的下降和丧失。自1950年起，广东省在其湿地的保护和管理方面陆续实施了统一规划管理、设立自然保护区、开发湿地生产模式、防治湿地污染、保护湿地环境、建设人工湿地、恢复湿地系统、建立湿地信息系统等一系列举措，并取得了一定的收效，但效果仍不理想。要从根本上解决广东湿地的保护和利用问题，一方面要在恢复生态学的指导下深化退化湿地的恢复研究，按照湿地生态系统在空间尺度上的条带分布规律和时间尺度上的演替规律。因地制宜、因时制宜地进行湿地恢复研究；另一方面要进一步加强科研工作者、政府以及民众三者在湿地保护和合理利用方面的合作，建立专门机构，通过法律和行政手段进行统一规划、管理，同时对湿地保育研究、教育给予政策上的倾斜、支持。

WETLANDS IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE:FUNCTIONS AND VALUES, USE AND MITIGATION

Wetlands are very special and economically quite important vegetation types in Guangdong, consisting of dike-pond ecosystem, mangrove forest, marsh vegetation and hydrophytic vegetation. Both the area and the quality of the wetlands are decreasing, as a result of social development. The structures of wetlands have been destroyed, and the functions of them have decreased consequently. The above wetlands have special and important contributions to upholding biogeochemical recycle, strengthening coasts to protect fields and villages, regulating environment, purifying environment, conserving biodiversity, providing energy, offering sites for biological research and education as well as tourism, and producing varied social materials and pro-ducts, etc. Since 1950, Guangdong Government has carried into execution a series of measures for protection and management of the wetlands, such as unified planning and management of wetlands, establishment of wetland natural reserves, exploration of rational wetland production modes, pollution prevention and environment protection of wetlands, restoration of wetlands, and establishment of artificial modes and wetland information systems, etc. The application of these measures has achieved to some extent as a reward. However, the effect is not as good as expected. Solving the problem depends on the struggle on two aspects. It is necessary firstly to further study the restoration of the degraded wetlands under the guidance of restoration ecology and follow the distributional and evolutionary laws of wetlands, and secondly to strength the collaboration among scientists, government and people in the protection and proper use of wetlands, to establish and strength the unified management department to realize the uniform control of wetlands,and to strengthen the studies and educations on wetland protection and exploration by enforcement of some necessary laws or policy.