沉积学数据库建设与沉积大数据科学研究进展：以Macrostrat数据库为例

沉积岩(物)是构成地球表层的主要岩石类型。自地质学诞生以来,地质学家已经积累了海量的沉积学相关研究数据,国内外也相继涌现出Macrostrat等以整合沉积学、地层学相关数据为主的优秀数据库。随着沉积学、地层学、古生物学、地球化学、地质年代学、地球观测等学科数据的快速增长,数据整合分析技术的重大突破,从全球视野研究深时沉积过程变为了可能。文章介绍了国际沉积相关数据库的总体建设情况,并深度剖析美国Macrostrat数据库的结构及其创新工作模式,旨在为深时数字地球(Deep-Time Digital Earth,DDE)计划建设多学科、多尺度、多层次、共享开源的大数据库提供借鉴和参考;在此基础上,剖析了若干应用大数据思维开展的重要科研实例。

Advances on Sedimentary Database Building and Related Research: Macrostrat As an Example

Sedimentary rocks are the main rock type that constitutes the Earth's surface. During centuries a large amount of sedimentological data have been accumulated and in the meanwhile comprehensive sedimentological databases, such as Macrostrat, have established. With the rapid growth of data in all aspects of geology including sedimentology, as well as great breakthroughs in data integration and analysis technology, it is possible to employ big-data analysis methods to explore the deep-time sedimentary process from a global perspective. The currentpaper introduces the main sedimentological databases, and analyzes their structure in detail. The innovative working mode of Macrostrat database is deciphered aiming to provide valuable experience for the sedimentological database in the Deep-time Digital Earth (DDE) Big Science Program. The database will be multi-disciplinary, multi-scaled, multi-leveled and opensource. Several study cases of employing big data analysis to solve scientific questions are also introduced here.