新疆沙尘暴天气的气候特征

根据地面观测资料,整理出1961-1999年39 a新疆90个气象观测站的沙尘暴天气现象资料并进行统计分析,给出新疆沙尘暴的时空分布特征,并以分钟为单位得到沙尘暴的日变化和持续时间。结果表明:①新疆沙尘暴的地理分布特点是北疆少南疆多、山区少盆地多,高发区在南北两大沙漠中,沙漠南缘、山脉北麓出现的沙尘暴多于其他周边地区。②沙尘暴的高发年代多在60年代和70年代,90年代沙尘暴的出现日数明显减少。③沙尘暴主要出现在4~8月,10月到次年3月少有沙尘暴发生。多发时段在16~21时,持续时间北疆一般不超过60 min,南疆一般不超过90 min,塔里木盆地南部沙尘暴的持续时间最长。

Climatic Characteristics of Sandstorm in Xinjiang

In this paper,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sandstorm were analyzed by using the 39 years sandstorm data from 1961 to 1999 recorded at 90 weather stations in Xinjiang.The following results are obtained:(1) Sandstorm occurred more frequently in south Xinjiang rather than in north,more in basin bottom rather than in mountain areas.The most frequently occurred region of sandstorm is in the two large deserts in north and south of Xinjiang;moreover,the sandstorm occurred more often in the southern part of the desert than in the others.(2) Sandstorm occurred more frequently in 1960s and in 1970s,and has decreased since 1990.(3) Sandstorm mostly occurred from April to August,seldom from October to March of the next year.As for a day,it occurred more frequently from 16 to 21 o'clock,and the persisting time of majority sandstorm was under 60 minutes in North Xinjiang and 90 minutes in South Xinjiang.