贵州省2020年5月极端性高温事件研究

2020年5月贵州省出现极端高温天气事件,本文利用贵州省84个气象观测站日平均气温和最高气温资料、美国气象环境预报中心的逐日再分析高度场资料以及美国海洋大气管理局的日平均海表面温度（SST）资料,利用超前滞后相关等方法对贵州省2020年5月“极端性高温事件”进行研究。得出如下结论：（1）2020年5月贵州省约有29%的站点极端日最高气温超过了1981年以来的历史极值,约58%的站点突破1981年以来5月同期历史极值,西太平洋副热带高压显示为异常西扩加强的态势,同时伴随南亚高压东伸增强,两个高压在不同高度上的配合导致深厚高压的异常出现,是此次贵州极端性高温事件发生的重要因素。（2） 2020年5月在欧亚大陆中高纬对流层上层有明显的Rossby波列结构,有利于贵州极端性高温事件出现。（3）热带西大西洋SST在月尺度内异常阶段性增暖,可作为贵州省极端性高温天气发生的重要前期信号,并且增暖过程比高温事件提前约14天,具有一定的前期指示意义。

Research on Extreme High Temperature Event in May 2020 in Guizhou Province

Taking the extreme high temperature event in Guizhou in May 2020 as an example, this article uses the daily average temperature and daily maximum temperature of 84 stations in Guizhou Province from 1981 to 2020 (40 years in total) to study the "extreme high temperature event" in Guizhou. At the same time, the daily average sea level temperature (SST) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Oceanic and Atmopheric Administration are used to analyze the Guizhou Province. The occurrence of extreme high temperature events in the region and the continuous direct atmospheric circulation background, using leading and lagging correlation methods to focus on the impact of the monthly evolution of the tropical western Atlantic sea surface temperature on the extreme high temperature event in Guizhou in May 2020. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) An extreme high temperature event occurred in Guizhou in May 2020. About 29% of the sites in Guizhou exceeded the historical extreme value since 1981, and about 58% of the sites exceeded the same period since 1981 ( May) At the historical extreme, the West Pacific Subtropical High has shown an abnormally expanding westward and strengthening trend. At the same time, it has been accompanied by an increase in the eastward extension of the South Asian High. The occurrence of this extreme high temperature event in Guizhou. (2) During the period of extreme high temperature events in Guizhou in May 2020, the upper troposphere of the middle and high latitudes of the Eurasian continent showed a clear Rossby wave train structure, which is beneficial to the emergence of extreme high temperature events in Guizhou. (3) The abnormal phased warming of sea-level temperature in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean on a monthly scale can be an important early signal for the occurrence of extreme high temperature weather in Guizhou, and the warming process is about 14 days earlier than the high temperature event, which has certain early indications.