黔南州冰雹天气物理量特征分析

为提高黔南冰雹预报预警能力，利用黔南州1999-2021年12个县市气象站冰雹资料及贵阳探空资料，对115次冰雹天气过程中表征不稳定、水汽、热力、动力条件的19个物理量参数特征进行统计分析，并提取黔南地区发生冰雹的物理量阈值。结果表明：冰雹发生前，贵阳探空站的物理量在合适的范围时，黔南州出现冰雹的可能性较大；不同季节冰雹发生前的各物理量存在差异，秋冬季节动力条件表现明显，而春夏季节水汽、热力、层结稳定度条件更为显著；逆温层的出现对中低层温度、温度垂直递减率、低层水汽条件均有明显的影响，从而影响部分物理量的强弱，故本文按照有无逆温给出2-5月黔南冰雹天气的物理量阈值。

Characteristic analysis of physical quantity of hail weather in Qiannan prefecture

In order to improve the prediction and early warning ability of hail in Qiannan, using the hail data from 12 meteorological stations in Qiannan and the sounding data from Guiyang from 1999 to 2021, statistical analysis was conducted on 19 physical parameter characteristics characterizing unstable, water vapor, thermal, and dynamic conditions in 115 hail weather processes, and the physical quantity thresholds for hail occurrence in Qiannan were extracted.The results show that before the occurrence of hail, when the physical quantities of the upstream Guiyang sounding station are within a suitable range, the probability of occurrence of hail in Qiannan Prefecture is greater. There are differences in various physical quantities before hail occurrence in different seasons, with significant dynamic conditions in autumn and winter, while water vapor, heat, and stratification stability conditions are more significant in spring and summer.The occurrence of inversion layers has significant effects on the temperature, vertical temperature decline rate, and water vapor conditions in the middle and lower layers, thereby affecting the strength of some physical quantities. Therefore, this paper gives the physical quantity thresholds for the February to May hail weather in Qiannan based on the presence or absence of inversion.