Understanding influences in policy landscapes for sustainable coastal livelihoods |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods (RIEL), Charles Darwin University, 1 Ellengowan Drive Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia;2. UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and the Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;3. Sociology of Development and Change, Wageningen University (WU), Hollandseweg 1, 6706kN Wageningen, Netherlands;4. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Bullecourt Avenue, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia;1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia;2. WorldFish, Honiara, Solomon Islands;3. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia;1. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, University of Tehran, Iran;2. Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany;3. Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;1. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;2. Hen Mpoano (Our Coast), Takoradi, Ghana;3. Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;2. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada;3. Marine Affairs Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA;4. Wildlife Conservation Society, Indonesia Marine Program, Jalan Atletik no. 8, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16151, Indonesia;1. Dept. of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Dept. of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Institute of Marine Science, University of Dar es Salaam, Mizingani Rd., PO Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania |
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| Abstract: | Ensuring sustainability of livelihoods for communities residing in coastal environments of the Global South has gained considerable attention across policy making, practice and research fields. Livelihood enhancement programs commonly strategize around developing people's resilience by diversification of income and subsistence activities, but are criticised for inadequate appreciation of local contexts. This in part results from the application of theoretical approaches in practice which are informed disproportionately by dominant science-based narratives and utilised by actors in higher level political arenas. This leads to the prioritization of objectives that do not necessarily reflect local livelihood conditions. There is an urgent need to address the multiple challenges that limit the possibility for sustainable livelihoods in spatially and temporally dynamic environments. This paper presents an analysis of the policy landscape in which intervention strategies for sustainable coastal livelihoods emerge. It examines how livelihood improvement approaches take shape in the context of conservation, rural development, and regional resource governance. Drawing from analyses of broader regional policies and an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework is presented. It details various influences that can flow up or down multi-scaled governance structures to affect policy and management - from agenda-setting narratives of policy makers to the dynamic and changeable nature of livelihoods. Case studies from the Arafura and Timor Seas region are introduced to illustrate some of these trends. The discussion highlights challenges encountered in the pursuit of sustainability for coastal and marine-based livelihoods, and suggests directions for more effective long term policy, management and strategic interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Sustainable coastal livelihoods Policy and management Multi-scaled governance Small-scale fisheries Arafura and Timor Seas |
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