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Correct application of the IUCN protected area management categories to the CCAMLR Convention Area

Institution:	1. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, 1320 19th Street, NW, 5th Floor, Washington, DC 20036 USA;2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia;1. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, 2020-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Villy Christensen, UBC Fisheries Centre, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;1. Sargasso Sea Alliance, Suite 300, 1630 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA;2. Seascape Consultants Ltd., Belbins Valley, Belbins, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 0PE, United Kingdom;3. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., Berliner Strasse 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;1. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Fishing Gear Technology, Hirtshals, Denmark;2. DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Hirtshals, Denmark;3. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway;1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;2. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan;1. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada;2. Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada;1. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., Berliner Strasse 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;2. Faculty of Law, UNSW Australia (The University of New South Wales), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. Faculty of Law, Lund University, Sweden;4. IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, 105 Irving St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;5. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), Building 233 Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Australia

Abstract:	The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has been working to develop and implement a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) for over 10 years. Within CCAMLR there is a long-held belief that the area covered by the CCAMLR Convention is equivalent to a category IV protected area as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This belief was founded upon a comparison of the central objective of CCAMLR as defined by the CCAMLR Convention with the IUCN definition of a category IV MPA. This advice was accepted by the CCAMLR Scientific Committee but to date there has not been any analysis of this advice within CCAMLR, IUCN or in the literature. This paper critically analyses that advice, and finds that the CCAMLR Convention area does not meet the IUCN definition of an MPA and thus the CCAMLR Convention Area cannot be considered equivalent to a category IV MPA.

Keywords:	Marine protected area CCAMLR Antarctic IUCN management category Southern Ocean MPA
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