The unintended consequences of regulatory complexity: The case of cruise tourism in Arctic Canada |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, 60 University Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5;2. School of Outdoor Recreation, Parks and Tourism, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada P7B 5E1;3. Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand;1. Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Canada;2. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate Research Division, Canada;1. Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria;2. Niels-Bohr-Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Danish Meteorological Institute;4. NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway;5. Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria;1. Department of Economics and Business, University of Sassari & CRENoS, Sassari, Italy;2. Department of Marketing University of Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza de la Universidad, 1, 02071 Albacete, Spain;3. Department of Marketing, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers, s/n, 46018 Valencia, Spain;4. School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa;1. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;2. Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA;3. University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland;1. Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada;2. Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;3. Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;4. Institute for Big Data Analytics, Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The cruise tourism industry in the Canadian Arctic has the potential be an important contributor to the northern economy, but undue complexity in the permitting and regulatory process represents a major barrier to cruise operators and as a result seems to be limiting development potential and other cultural and educational benefits related to tourism in the region. Based on a set of interviews and follow-up interviews with Arctic cruise operators and government permit issuers (n=48), investigative phone calls (n=22), and follow-up verification calls (n=20+), analysis of the management system that currently governs cruise tourism in Arctic Canada is provided including recommendations for improvement. There are currently over 30 permits, approvals, and notification processes for cruise companies operating in the Canadian Arctic (collective called ‘permits and permissions'). Permits and permissions are required for vessel safety, environmental protection, gaining access to national parks, and visiting heritage and archaeological sites among others. They are issued by numerous agencies under multiple jurisdictions and statutes with no integration or organizing system. The result is a process that is overly complex, repetitious, and costly for operators. In comparison, the permitting systems in Greenland and Svalbard are more streamlined, causing some cruise companies to consider abandoning Canadian waters in favour of these less bureaucratic regions. Federal and territorial attention is required to create efficiencies in the cruise permitting process in Arctic Canada if the economic, socio-cultural, and educational benefits of the industry are to be fully realized. |
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| Keywords: | Cruise tourism Arctic Canada Climate change Arctic economic development Regulatory complexity |
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