Purpose,policy, and practice: Intent and reality for on-ground management and outcomes of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park |
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| Institution: | 1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia;3. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;1. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain;2. Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) & Centro de Conservación Marina, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile;3. Centro de Experimentación Pesquera. Consejería de Agroganadería y Recursos Autóctonos del Principado de Asturias, Gijón, Spain;1. College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom;2. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom;1. Inha University Law School, Incheon, Republic of Korea;2. Polar Policy Research Center, Korea Maritime Institute (KMI), Busan, Republic of Korea;3. Ocean Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Ansan, Republic of Korea;1. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Region, 4665 Lampson Avenue, Los Alamitos, CA 90720, USA;2. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Region, 1123 Industrial Road Suite 300, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA;3. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Region, 619 2nd Street, Eureka, CA 95501, USA |
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| Abstract: | Notwithstanding a complex array of international, national, and local policies designed to protect biodiversity and manage human activities, the condition of Australia's Great Barrier Reef has been deteriorating. This trend indicates that policy settings are inadequate or the right policies have been prescribed but not effectively implemented. This study aimed to determine which policies influenced on-ground management of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Marine Park, how they were implemented, and the challenges encountered by practitioners in applying policies. The research required content analysis of policy instruments relevant to various jurisdictional levels, and surveys and interviews with 19 key informants across jurisdictions and agencies. This study found that policy intent is not automatically translated into practice: international agreements are interpreted and reinterpreted along the policy pathway to on-ground management and, consequently, the aspirations of these agreements can be frustrated and their effectiveness diluted. Due to limits of jurisdictional responsibility, practitioners within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority are constrained in influencing key factors that impact on their capacity to address threats and manage outcomes. The major policy gap affecting management outcomes was the absence of a mechanism with which to manage cumulative impacts responsible for deterioration of key ecosystem processes and biodiversity. These findings highlight that effective policy implementation is a challenging task, limited by gaps between intentions and outcomes, inconsistencies, and conflicting agendas. An improved understanding of the policy implementation process and the policy-practitioner relationship is essential to enhancing links between policy and on-ground management. |
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| Keywords: | Marine protected area Marine environmental policy Policy implementation Great Barrier Reef International agreements Cumulative impacts |
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