Thirty years after privatization: A survey of Icelandic small-boat fishermen |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 905 N. Koyukuk Drive, 245 O’Neill Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States;2. Hólar University College & Blönduós Center of Research and Collaboration, Árbraut 31, 540 Blönduós, Iceland;3. University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 1007 West 3rd Ave, Suite 100, Anchorage, AK 99501, United States;1. Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E. Seattle, WA 98112, USA;2. NOAA, NMFS, Office of Science and Technology, USA;3. NOAA, NMFS, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, USA;4. NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, USA;5. NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, USA;6. NOAA, NMFS, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, USA;7. NOAA, NMFS, Southeast Regional Office, USA;1. Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Campeche. Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, C.P. 24500 Lerma, Campeche, Mexico;2. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco C.P. 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;1. NOAA Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States;2. NOAA Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02540, United States;1. Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia;2. SDGs Center Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia |
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| Abstract: | Iceland's nationwide privatized Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system is over thirty years old but remains a topic of public and political debate, particularly because of the continued effects on small-scale fisheries. A national survey of small-boat fishermen was distributed to: (1) identify major defining characteristics of participants in ITQ and non-ITQ fisheries, (2) document and examine differences in satisfaction with fisheries management, and (3) evaluate the existing options for newcomers to participate in small-boat fisheries. Survey results indicate that Icelandic small-boat fishermen are engaged in multiple management systems within a wide range of boat sizes. Those who held quota were more satisfied with the current ITQ system compared to those who did not hold quota; however, nearly all fishermen were still critical of fisheries management in Iceland and the two major non-ITQ options of lumpfish and coastal fishing were not perceived to offer significant opportunity for entry-level fishermen. Dissatisfaction stemmed from the lack of decision-making power, a distrust of scientific advice, and the perception that the ITQ system did not serve the purpose of protecting fisheries resources, but was rather oriented only toward economic goals. The dynamic nature of Icelandic small-boat fishing livelihoods and the pervasive negative attitudes thirty years after ITQ implementation demonstrate the need for culturally appropriate and equitable fisheries management schemes where success is measured in social as well as economic and biological terms. |
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| Keywords: | Iceland Fisheries management Fisheries privatization Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) Small-scale fisheries |
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