许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)微卫星标记开发及野生、养殖群体遗传多样性分析

对许氏平鲉进行简化基因组测序,设计微卫星引物200对,可稳定扩增的引物190对,占95%。利用一个荣成野生群体对24个多态性较高的微卫星标记进行了评价,每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2—21个,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0417—0.9167,期望杂合度(He)为0.0278—0.9722,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.1948—0.9496,结果显示有20个微卫星位点为中高度多态。利用这些引物对荣成野生群体和烟台养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,野生和养殖群体的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为8.5000、6.9583,有效等位基因数(Ne)的均值分别为4.5484、3.6365,期望杂合度(He)均值分别为0.6421、0.5840,多态信息含量均值(PIC)分别为0.6088、0.5490,平均香农-威纳指数均值为1.4605、1.2834,但F检验发现无显著差异,发现两个群体的遗传多样性都处于高度多态水平,但养殖群体遗传多样性水平低于野生群体。本研究结果说明许氏平鲉的人工繁育中,通过使用较大数量的亲本进行繁育可有效防止选育群体的遗传多样性降低,但人工定向选育对选育群体的遗传多样性也产生了一定的影响。Bonferroni校正后在两个群体中各有4个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。本研究开发的微卫星标记为许氏平鲉遗传图谱构建、分子标记辅助育种等提供了更多标记选择,对野生和养殖群体遗传多样性分析为下一步的遗传育种提供参考。

ISOLATION OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FOR BLACK ROCKFISH SEBASTES SCHLEGELI AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF WILD AND CULTURED POPULATIONS

The genomic library of Sebastes schlegelii was constructed after high-throughput sequencing, We designed 200 pairs of microsatellite primers and 190 pairs displayed the objective band. 24 polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected for PCR and capillary electrophoresis in wild and cultured populations. Results showed: a total of 260 alleles were found and the number of alleles in each loci ranged from 2 to 26(averaging 10.8333); The observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.0417-0.9167 and 0.1818-0.9343, respectively; The values of polymorphism information content indicated ranged from 0.1731-0.9232(averaging 0.6031). The results of genetic diversity of wild and cultured populations showed: the average number of alleles was 8.5000 and 6.9583; the value of average observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.6041, 0.6421 and 0.6157, 0.5840 respectively; the mean PIC was 0.6088 and 0.5490; the mean value of Shannon-Weiner index was 1.4605 and 1.2834.The results suggested both polulations were highly genetic diversity, and there was not significant between the 2 populations by F-test.4 loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction in each population. These markers will be useful for genetic linkage map construction and molecular marker-assisted selection for Sebastes schlegelii.