乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移研究

清朝乾隆年间，清政府对新疆实行移民实地政策，人口大量迁移到新疆。天山北麓东段是新疆主要的人口迁入地区，其人口迁移分为民户迁移、商户迁移、遣户迁移、兵眷迁移和安插户迁移等几种类型，以民户迁移为主。移民的来源地以甘肃、陕西等邻近省份为主，人口迁移的方式以官府有组织的迁移为主、以民间自流的方式为辅。民户人口迁移的高峰在乾隆三十年代，乾隆四十五以后人口迁移规模变小，整个乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移的规模为16．4万人左右，迁移人口主要分布在以乌鲁木齐和巴里坤为中心的两个地区。

Study on Population Immigration of the East Region of the Northern Foot of TIANSHAN during Qianlong Emperor Period

The east region of the Northern foot of Tianshan was the large region of east area of present Usu, including Usu and Shawan counties, Urumqi city, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Hami Administrative Offices of present Tacheng Administrative Offices. During Qianlong Emperor period, this district belonged to Gansu province on administration, and is controlled by Ili General in national defence. During Qianlong Emperor period, the population immigration of Xinjiang was primarily in the east region of the northern foot of Tianshan, which was the primarily immigratory place of Xinjiang. Its population immigration was main represent as agriculture production of migrant, was divided into commoner stations, merchant stations, exiled criminal stations, military dependant stations and commercial stations, regarded commoner stations immigration as principle. The migrant mainly came from the nearly province, such as Gansu province, Shaanxi province etc. The way of population immigration regarded immigration government systematically as principle, with the way of folks flow as secondary. The high peak of population immigration was happened before 45 years of Qianlong Emperor, the Urumqi and Balikun was the center place which the immigratory population was primarily distributed.