The small volume particle microsampler (SVPM): a new approach to particle size distribution and composition |
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| Institution: | 1. Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;2. Analytical Development and Attribute Science, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;3. Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;4. Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland;5. Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;6. Spectradyne LLC, 23875 Madison St Suite A, Torrance CA 90505, USA;7. Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;8. AlphaNanoTech, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA;9. Particle Metrix, Inc., Mebane, NC 27302, USA;10. Spheryx, Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA;11. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany;12. Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc. Scarborough, ME 04074, USA;13. Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstrasse 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;14. Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands;15. Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;p. Malvern Pananalytical, 117 Flanders Road Westborough, MA 01581, USA;q. Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA;r. Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland;s. Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands;t. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium;u. Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98119, USA;v. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309;w. Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;x. HORIBA Scientific, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;y. Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA |
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| Abstract: | The characterization of trophically and geochemically important suspended particulate matter (SPM) has traditionally relied on bottle sampling and subsequent analysis with Coulter Multisizers and other instruments, which are not sufficient in preserving the in situ size, shape and composition of aggregated particles. The small volume particle microsampler (SVPM) is a sampling device that captures individual particles on filters with minimal disturbance for microscope image analysis of size distribution and composition. Sand grains, microalga (Dunaliella tertiolecta) and laboratory cultivated flocs were used to test the SVPM's ability to determine particle size. For statistical analysis of the SVPM's capabilities, sand grain and algal size distribution, calculated as equivalent spherical diameter (ESD), were compared to Multisizer data while video images provided a comparison for the flocs. Non-aggregated sand particles sampled by the SVPM showed a size distribution that was similar to that of the Multisizer. Aggregated D. tertiolecta flocs were broken up by the Multisizer, and SVPM data indicated a significantly greater mean ESD. The SVPM showed significantly smaller mean ESDs than the video images because of the higher resolution of the sampler for small particles. In terms of particle concentration, the microsampler measured values similar to those of the Multisizer and video camera. The most important feature of the SVPM is its ability to capture aggregates for the analysis of composition, by histological stains or other means. The SVPM is an alternative method of sampling that is more effective in preserving aggregates for laboratory analyses and is less complicated and expensive than in situ optical sampling techniques, especially in documenting the lower end of the particle size spectrum. |
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