Decline of forest area in Sabah,Malaysia: Relationship to state policies,land code and land capability |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geography, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;2. School of Social Science (Geography), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;1. Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany;2. Rimba, 60000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Department of Biological Sciences and Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Panthera, NY 10018, United States;5. Sabah Forestry Department, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia;1. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria;2. Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia;1. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt;2. National Bureau for Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, India;1. Ecosystem Management, USYS, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;3. Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;4. Forest Management and Development, USYS, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;5. Ecosystem Management, USYS, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;6. Permian Global Research Limited, Savoy Hill House, 7-10 Savoy Hill, London WC2R 0BU, UK |
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| Abstract: | Forest decline in Sabah has resulted from state policies operating within the federal context. Approximately two-thirds of Sabah's natural forest remains but estimates vary with the data source. Logging and shifting cultivation have degraded forest quality but commercial estate agriculture, especially oil palm, is now the major cause of forest loss, aided by Sabah's land tenure code and the ethnic equality and modernisation agendas of national and state agriculture policy. The pattern of forest decline is explained by partitioning of the land resource between gazetted Forest Reserves and land alienated to agriculture, guided by the 1976 land capability classification. |
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