Geologic site characterization (GSC) principles derived from storage and mining projects in salt, with application to environmental surety

 The source of many environmental incidents involving engineering works has been traced to inadequate geologic site characterization (GSC). Even though critics may argue that hindsight is almost always clearer than foresight, what is reasonable to some geologists may be overkill to others and GSC is often underperformed. Communication between designers, geologists, engineers, and regulators is paramount at all stages of a project, each recognizing the essential needs of the other. For large projects having substantial longevity, it is essential to periodically review initial conclusions because assumptions and criteria change as the geosciences evolve, engineering precepts are refined, and analytical capabilities increase. A brief consideration of the changing geological paradigms of the 1950s and 1960s as compared with the 1990s should leave little room for debate on this. Geologic site characterization should be a dynamic, continuing process. A balanced approach must be sought, to provide adequate information for safety of operations, neither slighting or overdoing the effort. Several examples are taken from the salt mining and storage industry, which illustrate these principles, but there is widespread application to other geological media and engineering projects. The ultimate benefit of valuing site characterization efforts may be more than just enhanced safety and health – costs not expended in lost facilities and ligation can become profit. Received: 13 September 1995 · Accepted: 21 November 1995