一种球形立体全景的三维量测算法与实验

全景可为观察者提供某一地点360度方位的景观浏览，已广泛用于街景建模、数字校园等。但这类全景影像目前还缺乏对场景中目标的量测分析，不具备可量测性。而已有的三维全景重构方法采用了常规的多方位影像序列，影像之间定位计算复杂，需大量控制点，并结合光束法平差解算，虽然结果较好，但因其复杂不适于一般性景观浏览中量测应用。事实上，全景本身即是一种建模表达方式，可提供全方位景观浏览，其获取数据便捷，表达方式简捷，如果具备可量测性，则可为3D GIS提供一种较好的景观表达方法，作为对现有三维对象建模方式的补充。本文提出一种简便的立体全景的三维量测方法，通过构建球形全景投影下的相对定向、绝对定向及量测等算法解决景观浏览中的量测性问题。实验以实地采集的全景影像数据为背景，阐明球形全景三维模型构建的方法与计算过程，并对所提出的算法进行了有效的验证。

A Three Dimensional Measurement Approach and Experiment Based on Spherical Panorama

Panorama can provide 360 degrees view in one hotspot, and it is widely used in street view, digital campus, etc. However, beside the visualization for the scene browsing, these panoramic models are not really three-dimensional model, which can＇t support precise measurement for the scene from the images. Users gener-ally pay more attention to spatial measurable information of the objects in the field of survey. Therefore, con-struct one panoramic model which could support measurement would have more extensive prospects. So it is ur-gent to construct a kind of three-dimensional measurement model for panoramic images. For the aim to realize measurement and analysis on the panorama, this paper proposed a kind of measurable three-dimensional recon-struction approach based on spherical panoramas. We analyzed and constructed the projective geometry relation between two spherical panoramas, and also constructed some orientation and measurement algorithms for spheri-cal panoramic images, thus establishing a data theoretical calculation basis. The experiment shows that the ap-proach is much validated, which could be applied for 3D scene modeling, and something useful is obtained.