乌鲁木齐城市社会区分析

利用2011 年上半年乌鲁木齐街道一级统计和调查数据,运用因子生态分析法对乌鲁木齐进行社会区分析。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市社会区形成的主要因子有6 个,即:① 少数民族人口,② 知识分子,③ 普通工人及退休人员,④ 机关干部、高级管理与服务人员,⑤ 疆外流动人口,⑥ 农业人口。通过聚类分析法将乌鲁木齐划分为6 类社会区,即:① 民族混居区,② 知识阶层聚居区,③ 一般工薪阶层与退休人员居住区,④ 人口密集的机关干部、高级管理与服务人员聚居区,⑤ 疆外流动人口聚居区,⑥ 远郊农业人口散居区。并据此建立了乌鲁木齐城市社会空间结构模式。乌鲁木齐城市社会空间以扇形和多核心结构为主,同心圆结构不明显。乌鲁木齐现有的城市社会空间格局是在其自然本底条件基础上,经过250 多年的历史发展,在社会经济因素、宏观政策和城市规划等因素共同作用下形成的。

Analysis of the Urban Social Areas in Urumqi

This paper uses the factorial ecological analysis and cluster analysis(Ward’s method)to explore the social spatial structure of Urumqi in 2011.The result reveals that major factors under consideration for the components of social structure in Urumqi include minority population,the intelligentsia,workers and retirees;government civil servants,higher management and service staff,floating population from outside Xinjiang and agriculture population.According to the factor scores in 2011,the city of Urumqi can be divided into six types of social areas:(1)ethnically mixed areas,located in the eastern part;(2)the intelligentsia areas,exhibiting a multi-nuclear pattern;(3)areas of workers and retirees, located in the northwestern,northeastern and eastern parts;(4)densely-populated areas with civil servants,senior management and service staff,located in the urban core areas,which are also the most developed areas of Urumqi;(5)areas of floating population from outside, located around the core area;(6)agricultural areas,located in the northern suburbs.On the whole,the concept model of the urban social structure in 2011 mainly exhibits a sectoral and multi-nuclear pattern with no obvious concentric structure.Urumqi’s socio-spatial structure has formed on the basis of physical geography in the 250 years of development,which has been influenced by factors of socioeconomic development,government policies and urban planning.Urumqi has in common with and also differs from major domestic cities in aspects of the impact factors of social areas,ethnic composition,occupational composition and spatial distribution of the floating population,and the pattern of social spatial structure.