基于交通可达性的港珠澳大桥时空压缩效应

交通基础设施建设对地区经济和城市发展具有深远的影响,特别是跨江通道建设可极大提升海湾两岸城市群之间的交通和经济联系,因此研究跨江通道对海湾地区空间格局的影响具有重要的意义与价值。针对先前可达性模型中对非交通网络栅格均质化处理的局限,在模型中对非交通网络栅格增加自然(水面、海拔、坡度) 和土地利用类型等影响因素处理,对既有分析模型进行改进,使得交通可达性更符合实际情况。应用该改进模型计算了港珠澳大桥两种情景下珠三角区域可达性空间格局的变化,探讨港珠澳大桥对中心城市时间和费用可达性的影响。分析结果表明:① 时间可达性分析中,在珠三角中心城市中,香港和珠海的时间可达性提高最多,而其他城市则影响较弱;② 费用可达性分析中,港珠澳大桥的开通可极大减少香港和珠海往珠三角西岸和东岸的运输费用,同时,不同的大桥通行费用情况下,费用差异产生影响的空间范围差别相同,而不同地区的影响程度则有所差别。基于时间和费用可达性的变化,进一步讨论了港珠澳大桥的建设产生的影响。港珠澳大桥的建成能提升珠江口西岸地区的区位优势,促进区域融合和经济发展;能满足日益增长的跨界交通需求,将成为珠江口南部的重要通道,改变珠三角地区的交通空间格局。研究对产业影响表现有所差异,香港在商贸和服务业的优势将进一步凸显,而西岸地区的旅游业和房地产将不断受益。最后分析了政策和其他交通通道建设对港珠澳大桥的影响。

The Impact of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge on the Traffic Pattern of Pearl River Delta

The construction of transportation infrastructure has a profound influence on regional and urban development.The trans-river passage or bridge can greatly enhance the transport and economic connection of the urban agglomerations separated by the river or strait.This research aims to examine the impact of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)on the transportation pattern in Pearl River Delta.With the help of ArcGIS Desktop10,the traditional accessibility assessment model was conducted to analyze the changes of accessibility before and after the construction of HZMB.The model was modified to illustrate the non-transportation-network grids in details.The grids were evaluated by geographical factors(water surface,elevation or slope)or land use types instead of being regarded as homogeneous in traditional model.The result shows that the time accessibility of Hong Kong and Zhuhai is greatly improved with the HZMB,more than 28%of the area reduces 1-hour to Hong Kong under the condition of the HZMB,while the other cities in the Delta are not as significantly improved as the former two.The HZMB can sharply reduce the transport cost of the West and East of the Pearl River estuary,and more than 11%and 27% of the region saves the cost for the cars or trucks respectively.With different crossing tolls, the research indicates that the affected region remains the same,but the changed extents of different zones vary considerably.The research believes that the HZMB exerts a significant influence on the transportation pattern of the Pearl River Delta,compresses the time and space between Hong Kong and Zhuhai-Macao,and it significantly improves the importance of Zhuhai-Macao,which may change the Delta from"bi-Hubs"to"tri-Hubs".Finally,this paper analyzes the impact of the HZMB on the industry of commerce and trade,tourism,real estate,regional logistics network and so on.It is concluded that the customs policy and other trans-river passages can exert an potential influence on the HZMB.