广州批发市场的供应物流空间格局及其形成机制

城市批发市场是集商流、物流和信息流于一体的商品集散地,其产生的物流活动属于城市物流的一部分。结合实地调查数据,采用社会网络分析方法对广州市批发市场的供应物流空间格局进行研究。首先构建由19 个供应地和21 个接收地组成的2-模矩阵,将其反应的关系信息进行可视化表达,结果显示物流结点呈现出交通指向性、地域集中性以及圈层式布局特点；货物供应以外向型为主,并形成国外、省外城市、珠三角和粤北地区的主要供应流格局；结点集货规模等级差异明显,形成城市内部的反y 形集货格局。然后对物流网络进行中心性分析,通过测量度数中心度、接近中心度和中间中心度等指标,得出珠三角、省外城市和白云区是物流网络的核心供应地；流花服装和中大布匹批发市场群是物流网络的核心接收地；南沙区、黄埔茅岗批发市场群等则属于物流网络的边缘结点。最后从城市性质、城市空间发展、产业集群和物流服务等4 方面对供应物流空间格局的形成机制进行探讨。通过对批发市场货流网络空间的研究,有利于为今后城市物流空间优化提供一定的决策参考依据。

Spatial Patterns and Their Formation Mechanism of Supply Logistics Network of Wholesale Markets in Guangzhou

Urban wholesale markets are distribution centers that integrate the informationflow,trade flow,and material flow;and their logistics activities belong to the urban logisticsactivities.Based on the data of an investigation in the wholesale markets of Guangzhou city,this paper examines the spatial patterns of supply logistics network by using social networkanalysis.Firstly,a 2-mode matrix comprising 19 supplying places and 21 receiving places isconstructed,with the visualization of the relationship between places.Some conclusions canbe drawn as follows.(1) The allocation of logistics nodes is characterized by surroundingtraffic lines,concentrating in inner cities,and distributing to spheres.(2) Most of the goods inwholesale markets come from districts outside Guangzhou city,especially from foreigncountries,other provinces,other parts of the Pearl River Delta,and northern GuangdongProvince.(3) The 21 receiving places vary greatly in goods quantities,and form a reversedy-shaped pattern in the city.Secondly,applying the centrality analysis of the logistics networkthrough measuring the indicators of degree centrality,closeness centrality and betweennesscentrality,the core-edge places of the network are identified.Results indicate that the PearlRiver Delta,other provinces and Baiyun District are the core supplying places,the wholesalemarkets of Liuhua and Zhongda are core receiving places;while Nansha District andHuangpu Maogang wholesale market are the edge places in the network.Finally,this paperdiscusses the formation mechanism of the spatial patterns in four aspects:the city character,the urban spatial disparity,the industrial cluster,and the logistics service.In brief,byanalyzing the spatial patterns and their formation mechanism of supply logistics network ofwholesale markets in Guangzhou,this paper is expected to provide helpful reference for thefuture optimization of the urban logistics space.