西南山区农村生活能源消费结构的影响因素分析——以云南省昭通市为例

能源是贫困地区农户赖以生产和发展的基本生计资产,过度采伐薪柴的能源消费行为是加剧生态脆弱地区水土流失、土壤侵蚀、森林植被破坏的重要因素。西南山区既是我国贫困地区,又是生态环境脆弱地区,本文选取在西南山区经济发展水平和生态脆弱性都具有代表性的云南省昭通市为案例,基于946 份调查问卷,采用Tobit 模型对非商品性能源和商品性能源的消费比例的影响因素进行回归分析,并得出以下结论：① 地形特征对西南山区农村能源消费结构影响显著,薪柴和秸秆等非商品性能源受资源禀赋影响显著,而煤炭等商品性能源更多的是受市场距离影响。② 随着家庭人均收入的增加,非商品性能源消费比例将下降,煤炭和电力等商品性能源消费比例将上升,但是西南贫困地区由于农户生计资产有限,收入增长缓慢,能源消费结构升级艰难。③ 家庭人均教育程度的提高、从事非农产业有助于西南山区农户增加商品性能源的消费比例,从而提升能源消费结构。

The Influencing Factors of Rural Household Energy Consumption Structure in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China:A Case Study of Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province

No-commercial energy like firewood and straw is the basic livelihood asset onwhich the rural households in poverty-stricken and mountainous areas rely.Over-harvestingfirewood is one of the dominant factors for soil erosion and deforestation in ecologicallyfrangible region.Mountainous areas of Southwest China are poverty-stricken areas andecologically frangible region as well.This study investigates the rural energy consumptioncharacteristics by 946 survey questionnaires in the city of Zhaotong,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.Overall,coal is the dominant energy,and the second is by non-commercialor traditional energy such as firewood and straw,followed by electricity and biogasutilization.Meanwhile,energy consumption structure of rural households displays a markedspatial distribution,with coal dominated at flat river valley areas and firewood concentratedin mountainous areas.Moreover,this study also analyzes the factors affecting the proportionof non-commercial and commercial energy consumption by the Tobit model.The results showthat(1) Firewood and straw consumption is affected mainly by the per-capita forest land andper-capita arable land,while coal is subject to price,availability and accessibility.(2) Withthe increase of per-capita income,the proportion of the non-commercial energy would declinewhile the proportion of coal and electric energy would rise.However,it is difficult forpoverty-stricken areas such as mountainous areas of Southwest China to upgrade the energyconsumption structure due to living assets shortage and low income.(3) Development ofeducation and expansion of employment in non-agricultural industry are helpful forhouseholds in this region to reduce the proportion of traditional energy and increase theproportion of commercial energy consumption.Only in this way can their energyconsumption structure be changed.