地球信息技术在血吸虫病孳生环境研究中的应用分析

血吸虫病的流行传播与地理环境要素有着直接或间接的关系,构成地球信息技术在该领域应用的切入点。本文首先回顾了血吸虫病孳生环境研究方面存在着一些问题,进行了血吸虫病流行传播机理的地学多元分析,研究了地球信息技术在血吸虫病研究中的条件和一般程序;然后通过归纳总结血吸虫病滋生地的环境地学特征和地球信息技术在这方面应用的基本原理和启示,认为地球信息技术进行血吸虫滋生环境监测过程中的不确定性问题非常复杂,必须不断引进遥感技术的最新成果(人工智能、专家系统、基于知识的遥感分类等),提高遥感监测的精度;另外,血吸虫病流行与传播的最关键因子是阳性钉螺和疫水中尾蚴的密度,故应该辅以GIS其他专题数据和地面实测数据,进行空间建模和模拟分析。

Application of Geo-informatics to the Study of Schistosomiasis Habitat

Transmission of schistosomiasis has direct or indirect relation with geographic environment, constituting a cut-in of application of geo-informatics to this field. This paper firstly reviewed the existent problems in the study of schistosomiasis habitat, gave a geo-multi-analysis on the schistosomiasis transmission mechanism, studied out the prerequisite conditions and general procedures for the application of geo-informatics to the schistosomiasis research. The environmental features of the schistosomiasis habitat and the principles of application of geo-informatics to it were then included, from which several apocalyptic insights were gained, suggested that the uncertainty in the process of monitoring schistosomiasis habitat is extremely complicated. So it is necessary to introduce current advanced remote sensing technique (like artificial intelligence, expert system, knowledge-driven classification, etc.) to improve the monitoring accuracy. The key factors in the schistosomiasis transmission are positive snail and cercaria density in infecting water, hence use should be made of correlation analysis and spatial modeling assisted by GIS thematic data and field survey data to conduct spatial simulation of the schistosomiasis-susceptible areas.