冰川地震学研究进展

冰川地震学结合了冰川学和地震学的综合优势,形成一门年轻的交叉学科.冰震是指冰川运动和破裂过程中产生的振动,包括从微小的嘎吱声到相当于7级地震的突发性破裂或滑动.当前,根据冰震发生的位置以及发生机理的不同,将冰震大概分为五类:冰川表层破裂、冰川终端崩解、冰内水力压裂、冰腔水流震荡、冰层基底黏滑.冰震研究除了可以采用传统地震学方法外,也可以结合GPS、数值模拟、冰川物性等多学科综合方法来研究,进一步可以探究冰崩的发生过程及危险性评估.本文回顾了国内外冰川地震学的研究进展,介绍了我国研究人员在青藏高原地区开展的冰川地震研究工作,综合探讨了冰川地震对天然地震研究的启示.

Research progress of the glacier seismology

Combining the advantages of Glaciology and seismology,Glacier seismology formes a young interdisciplinary subject.Icequakes refer to the vibration generated during the movement and rupture of a glacier,ranging from small creaks to sudden rupture or sliding equivalent to an earthquake(M_W7).According to the location and mechanism of icequakes,the icequakes can be divided into five types:surface crevasses,stick-slip motion,iceberg calving,subglacial water flow and hydrofracturing.In addition to traditional seismological methods,icequake research can be used combing with multidisciplinary methods such as GPS,numerical simulation,and glacier physical properties.Icequake research can further explore the occurrence process and risk assessment of ice avalanches.We reviewed the research progress of glacier seismology.Moreover,we introduced part of the glacial earthquake research work carried out by domestic researchers in the Tibetan Plateau.Finally,we comprehensively discussed the enlightenments from glacier earthquakes to natural earthquake research.