多适应目标下的山地城市社会—生态系统脆弱性评价

面对全球环境变化,识别社会—生态系统脆弱性是可持续性研究的核心议题。山地城市发展条件受地形、建设用地和生态环境等因素的制约,其人地关系更为脆弱,国土空间开发与保护需要权衡。针对人类—环境耦合系统的脆弱性评价存在时空精度较粗、目标过于含糊的问题,以秦岭山地的商洛市为例,基于主体功能区划方案设置不同适应目标,构建包括32个指标42项数据的山地城市社会—生态系统脆弱性评价体系。结果表明：在空间差异上,柞水县的脆弱性程度较低,洛南县脆弱性程度最高;在1997-2013年间,脆弱性低值样本随时间变化有所升高,高值样本于2003-2008年间达到峰值;全市域脆弱性空间差异存在先增加后减少的趋势,并在2013年差异达到最小,区域差距有所缓和。在多适应目标下,商州区在重点开发导向下脆弱性最低,而柞水县、镇安县和商南县等更适于限制开发导向,不同适应目标导向会对脆弱性评价结果产生影响。在较高时空精度上探讨山地城市社会—生态系统的脆弱性,可为区域可持续发展提供定量指引,采用的多适应目标情景设置可以作为区域社会发展评价研究的一种新思路。

Assessment on the vulnerability of social-ecological systems in a mountainous city depending on multi-targets adaption

In face of environmental changes at the global level, understanding vulnerability of social-ecological system has become a hotspot in sustainability research. The development of mountainous city is restricted by many key factors including terrain, construction land, and ecological risk. Since the relationship between human and natural systems is complex, analysis of urban development and environmental conservation is important and needs to be addressed. However, spatiotemporal scales in previous research are usually coarse and thus cannot provide fine information. In order to overcome this issue, we take Shangluo city, a mountainous city in Shaanxi province as an example and study an array of spatiotemporal metrics. Specifically, we first analyzed the major function oriented zone and then used 32 indices and 42 datasets to build a vulnerability evaluation system. The results show Zhashui county has a relatively low degree of vulnerability, while Luonan county has the highest vulnerability. The value of low vulnerability samples increases from 1997 to 2013, while the value of high vulnerability samples reaches the peak in 2003-2008. For entire Shangluo city, the spatial differences of vulnerability experienced an inverse U-shaped dynamic change, i.e., increasing first and then decreasing. Finally, the difference reached its minimum in 2013, which leads to an alleviation of regional differences. Under the multiple adaptive targets, Shangzhou district has the lowest vulnerability in the major development orientation, while Zhashui county, Zhen'an county, and Shangnan county are more suitable to limited development orientation. This indicates that different adaptive target orientation may have different influences on the evaluation results. In this study, the vulnerability of social-ecological system has been identified at a fine spatiotemporal scale, which could provide fine information to regional sustainable development. Moreover, the procedure of setting multiple adaptive targets can be referenced by other regions which have similar problems.