高铁地震数据干涉成像技术初探

高铁运行会引起铁轨的震动，从而产生地震波向地下介质中传播，通过研究该地震波可对高铁沿线的地质情况进行持续监测.与常规地震勘探中的震源相比，高铁地震中的震源较为复杂，为移动震源，而地震干涉技术可以通过地震记录间的相互干涉，消除震源的影响，因此可利用地震干涉技术对高铁地震信号进行处理并成像.本文通过分析研究，总结出地震干涉方法在处理高铁地震数据时的关键技术问题：不同于常规地震干涉中先干涉后叠加的干涉成像方式，高铁地震移动源的特点使得干涉顺序变为先叠加后干涉，由此带入了大量震源串扰噪声；初步提出两种解决高铁地震干涉成像的思路：通过对高铁地震信号的处理，使高铁变相"提速"或"降速"，给出了"提速"或"降速"后各自的成像思路，并给出了数据处理的技术设想.

Interferometry imaging using high-speed-train induced seismic waves

A running high-speed-train can cause vibration of rails, generating seismic waves to propagate in the subsurface. Geological conditions along a railroad can be continuously monitored by studying such seismic waves. Compared with conventional seismic exploration, the source of high-speed-train induced seismic waves, a moving one, is more complex. The seismic interferometry can eliminate the influence of the source through the interference between seismic records. Therefore, this method can be used to process high-speed-train seismic signals and image subsurface structure. This paper summarizes the key technical problems of seismic interferometry in this aspect. Unlike conventional seismic interferometry, the moving source of the high-speed-train makes the interference sequence superimposed first and then interfered, which brings in a lot of source crosstalk noise. Two solutions to this issue are put forward preliminarily:the high-speed-train can be "accelerated" or "decelerated" in a disguised form by processing the signal of high-speed-train seismic waves, and the ideas on imaging after "acceleration" or "deceleration" and the technical approach of data processing are proposed, respectively.