基于实测波浪的单桩式海上风电基础波浪力计算研究

基于实测波面的波浪力获取作为结构动力响应分析以及数字孪生模型建立的必备环节，对海上风电数字化运维至关重要。为了满足更大的装机容量需求，单桩式海上风电基础趋于大型化，其尺度因子D/L也随之增大；并且实际海域均为非规则波，以尺度因子划分波浪力计算理论的方法对非规则波的适用性尚不明确。通过建立数值水槽，依据实际工况对不规则波与桩基的作用进行数值模拟，得到入射波浪场与桩基所受波浪力，在此基础上，基于入射波浪场分别采用Morison方程以及绕射理论求解波浪力并将之与数值模拟结果进行对比，分析了不同波浪力计算理论关于尺度因子的适用性，同时探究了波浪要素对计算精度的影响。结果表明：Morison方程在波高较大时精度下降；相对于Morison方程，绕射理论在该尺度下的精度更高。最后，通过分析实测数据进一步探讨了典型工况下的波浪力特征，以期通过实测波面计算波浪力的方法为实际服役风机波浪力计算提供技术支持。

Investigation of wave force calculation for mono-pile offshore wind turbine foundations using measured wave data

Accurate estimation of wave forces based on measured wave data is crucial for analyzing the dynamic response of structures and creating digital twin models, enabling effective operation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). With the increasing demand for larger installed capacities, mono-pile OWT foundations are becoming larger, resulting in a wider range of scale factors D/L. However, the actual states are irregular waves and the applicability of wave force calculation theories based on scale factors to irregular waves remains uncertain. In this study, a numerical wave tank is established to simulate the interaction between irregular waves and mono-pile foundations under actual working conditions. The incident wave field and wave forces on the mono-pile foundation are obtained through numerical simulations. The wave forces are then calculated using Morison equation and diffraction theory, and compared with the simulation results. The applicability of different wave force calculation theories to scale factors is analyzed, and the influence of wave characteristics on the accuracy of the results is explored. The findings indicate that the accuracy of Morison equation decreases for large wave heights, while diffraction theory exhibits higher accuracy at this scale. Furthermore, by analyzing measured data, the wave force characteristics under typical working conditions are investigated, providing technical support for calculating wave forces on actual service wind turbines using measured wave data.