2020年1月初怀化一次罕见强对流天气过程分析

利用国家气象观测站常规探测数据、怀化区域自动雨量站和雷达数据以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对怀化2020年1月初一次罕见的强对流天气过程进行了研究分析。结果表明:此次强对流天气在怀化南北部表现出不同的特征,中北部强对流天气属于高架对流类,南部属于斜压锋生类,且强度明显强于中北部;“上干下湿”特征、较强的下沉对流有效位能以及强的垂直风切变,有利于产生雷暴大风、冰雹等强对流天气;中北部受逆温层抑制作用,而南部与中北部相比具有更有利于强对流天气发生发展的水汽条件、辐合上升运动条件以及不稳定条件,这也是造成两者差异的主要原因。雷达分析表明,怀化南部发展较高的强回波单体是造成局地短时强降水出现的主要原因,超级单体导致出现冰雹,低仰角速度大值区预示着雷达大风的产生,风廓线中中层干侵入现象对强对流天气开始、结束有较好的指示意义。

Analysis of a Rare Severe Convective Weather Process Happened in Huaihua in Early January of 2020

The analysis of a rare severe convective weather process happened in Huaihua was based on the conventional observation data of national meteorological observation stations,regional automatic rainfall station of Huaihua,Doppler radar data and NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,.The results show these severe convective weather processes have different characteristics in the north and the south part of Huaihua,the process happened in North Central Huaihua is elevated convection,and the process happened in South Huaihua is baroclinic frontogenesis whose intensity is obviously stronger than North Central Huaihua;the character of“upper-layer dry and low-layer wet”,higher DCAPE and strong vertical wind shear are conducive to strong convective weather such as thunderstorms,gales and hail.temperature inversion layer plays a suppression role in the North Central process,compared to that,South process has better conditions of vapor,convergence updraft and its instability are more favorable for severe convective weather,which is the main reason causing the differences between them.Radar analysis show that the high-developed strong echo monomer in South Huaihua is the main cause of local short-time severe precipitation.The hail was caused by the supercell,and high value area of low elevation speed foreshow the thunderstorm gale.The mid-level dry intrusion in the wind profile show effective meaning for the beginning and ending of severe convective weather.