黄河下游平原地质环境退化及与地下水开采关系研究

自20世纪50年代末以来,黄河下游平原地质环境不断退化,产生了地面沉降、地裂缝、海咸水入侵、咸水界面下移等环境地质问题。这些问题的产生是由近60年来该区地下水过量开采所致。至21世纪,黄河下游平原地下水总开采量由不足20×108m3/a增至近52×108m3/a,超出地下水可利用资源量42×108m3/a。通过大量数据分析,笔者认为黄河下游平原地质环境退化与地下水长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局有关。地下水长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局,使地下水位持续下降,地下水位降落漏斗持续扩展,环境地质问题频发,地质环境不断恶化。有效遏止地质环境的进一步退化,需从合理开发利用地下水入手,修复和涵养平原地区地下水系统。

Researchon the Causality between Geological Environment Degenerating and Groundwater Sustainable Exploitation in the Yellow River Downriver Plain

Since the end of 1950s, the geological environment is degenerating continuously, caused a series of geological environment problems, such as land subsidence, ground fissure, seawater or salty-water encroachment, and downward movement of saline-fresh water interface. All these problems were caused by the exceeded exploitation of groundwater during lately 60 years.At the 21 century, the quantity of groundwater exploitation is fleetly increased from 20×108m3/a to 52×108m3/a, which exceeds the available amount of groundwater 42×108m3/a in the Yellow River Downriver Plain. Because of long time extra-exploitation and irrational exploiting distribution, the groundwater table kept descending, the cone of groundwater depression kept spread. Thus, theenvironment accidents are frequent appeared, the quality of geological environment is deteriorating. In order to preventthe further deteriorating of geological environment, the groundwater must be reasonably developed in the present condition, and the groundwater system in plain area must be rehabilitated and conserved.