Sources and hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in Quaternary sediments: A synthesis of studies from the Central Gulf of California |
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| Authors: | Bernd R. T. Simoneit |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;2. TB Modelling Group, TB Centre, and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;3. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;2. Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States;1. Mössbauer Spectroscopy Division, Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University ul. Podchorążych 2, PL-30-084 Kraków, Poland;2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland;3. AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland;4. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Noakowskiego 3, PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland;5. Laboratory for Developments and Methods, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone. |
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| Keywords: | Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal activity Organic matter maturation Hydrocarbon generation Synthesis DSDP data Lipids TOC Vitrinite reflectance Pyrolysis |
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