脑认知与空间认知——论空间大数据与人工智能的集成

21世纪是数据爆炸增长的时代，面对大数据时代的到来，急需增强地球空间信息学数据处理的时效性与智能化水平。将人工智能应用于地球空间信息学，提升地球空间信息处理的感知认知能力，实现地球空间信息学对所获取的数据快速处理、提取有用信息和驱动相应应用的过程。因此，从地球空间的宏观、中观、微观3个尺度上研究空间大数据与人工智能的集成，分别提出对地观测脑、智慧城市脑和智能手机脑3个高度智能化系统的概念。详细介绍了对地观测脑、智慧城市脑和智能手机脑3个智能化系统的概念及需要解决的关键技术，并举例说明了对地观测脑、智慧城市脑和智能手机脑初级阶段感知、认知及驱动应用的过程。不久的将来，对地观测脑、智慧城市脑和智能手机脑可以回答何时（when）、何地（where）、何目标（what object）发生了何种变化（what change），并在正确的时间（right time）和正确的地点（right place）把正确的数据、信息、知识（right data/information/knowledge）推送给需要的人（right person），实现4W信息实时推送给4R用户的地球空间信息服务的最高标准。

Brain Cognition and Spatial Cognition: On Integration of Geo-spatial Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

21st century is the age of data explosion growth. In the era of big data, it is urgent to enhance the timeliness and intelligence level of the geo-spatial information science.Artificial intelligence is applied to geo-spatial information science, enhancing the perception and cognition ability of geospatial information processing, and realizing the three processes of perception, cognition and action of geo-spatial information science.Through the integration of geo-spatial big data and AI (artificial intelligence), the macro, meso and micro scale of the earth space, earth observation brain(EOB), smart city brain(SCB) and smart phone brain(SPB) are proposed. EOB, SCB and SPB are highly intelligent systems in the geo-spatial information science. The concept model and the key technologies needed to be solved of EOB, SCB and SPB are introduced in detail, and an example is given to illustrate the process of perception, cognition and active in the primary stage of the EOB, SCB and SPB. In future, EOB, SCB and SPB can observe when, where, what object, what change to push these right information to right person at the right time and right place.