长江源区气候及水资源变化特征研究进展

本文对近年来长江源区的气候变化及水资源变化特征研究进行了概述与总结。结果表明:长江源区气候变化特征表现为,从20世纪60年代以来,长江源区年及四季气温呈显著增温趋势;水面和陆面蒸发量均呈增加趋势;进入21世纪后,长江源区降水量呈增加趋势。水资源变化特征表现为,冰川出现普遍的退缩现象;湿地退化明显;21世纪前长江源区径流量总体上呈明显的递减趋势,而在最近10多年水资源量有明显增多现象,其原因可能是近10多年长江源区气温显著增加,导致更多冰川融化,同时进入21世纪后长江源区降水增加。预计未来到2050年,长江源区气温将升高,降水将增加,冰川面积将减少,地表水资源仍有可能以增加为主。 

Research Progress on Variations of the Climate and Water Resources in the Source Region of the Yangtze River

The present study summarizes the recent research progress on variations of the climate and water resources in the source region of the Yangtze River. The results show that the climate change and water resources change in the source regions of the Yangtze River have changed significantly. From the 1960s, the characteristics of climate change in the source region of the Yangtze River show that: the annual and seasonal temperature show a significant warming trend; the evaporation of the water surface and land surface show an increasing trend. After entering 21st century, the precipitation in the source region of the Yangtze River is increasing. The characteristic of water resources change in the source region of the Yangtze River show that: the glaciers in this region have been retreating; the wetland degradation is significantly. Before 21st Century, the runoff in the source regions of the Yangtze River showed a significant decreasing trend, but the water resources increased significantly in the last 10 years. The temperature increased significantly in the last 10 years in the source region of the Yangtze River, causing more glaciers to melt and water resources to increase in the region. Expected to 2050, the temperatures will rise, rainfall will increase, the area of glaciers will reduce and the water resources are likely to increase in the source region of the Yangtze River.