Whistlers as a diagnostic technique in the lower ionosphere

We have taken a plasma model of ionosphere which is quite different from the earlier model employed by several workers to study the whistler as a diagnostic technique in the ionosphere. In contrast to the earlier model, we have considered an ionosphere that includes negative ionic species and due to which the mathematical technique loses the basic assumptions chosen earlier to derive the group travel time. We have shown that the negative ion has a significant role and without its contribution, the method to diagnose the ionospheric parameters may lead to an error. We have discussed also how to uset()= ₀ ^h dh/v _g as a diagnostic tool in determining the ionospheric parameters.