地壳中的热流体活动与油气运移

地壳中的热流体活动实际就是地壳流体作用，是最近十多年来才被认识到并发展起来的前沿科学。地壳流体起着传输能量和搬运物质的作用，是地壳中最活跃的一种营力，直接影响和控制着整个地壳的构造、沉积、成岩和成矿等作用。通过对地壳流体的研究可能产生全新的地质科学理论。油气运移是发生在沉积盆地中的热流活动，它贯穿在整个油气的生成、运移、聚集和散失过程中，直接控制着油气藏的形成并影响着盆地中的构造活动和成岩作用。研究油气运移可以为研究整个地壳流体提供一个窗口和借鉴。不连续的幕式排烃机理可以使人们联想到地壳深部的变质流体也可能呈幕式活动并产生幕式的构造运动。在深部流体活动的作用下有必要对石油的无机成因学说、热降解机理和深盆热水运移等问题重新进行评估。

HOT FLUID ACTIVITY IN CRUST AND HYDROCARBON MIGRATION

Hot fluid activity within the crust is indeed the crustal fluidization,which is afrontier scientific subject emphasized and developed in the latest over ten years.Fluid is the most active geological agent within the crust where it can transmit energy and transfermaterial.Fluid action can affect and control directly tectonism,sedimentation,lithogene-sis,ore formation and other geological processes.The study on fluid action within thecrust may lead to the establishment of the completely new geoscience theory.Hydrocarbonmigration belongs to hot fluid activity occurred in the sedimentary basins,which runsthrough each stage of hydrocarbon generation,migration,accumulation and dissilation,controls directly the formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs,affects tectionic activities andlithogenesis in sedimentary basins,Research resluts of hydrocarbon migration can be usedfor reference in understanding the fluid activity of crust.Discontinuous episodic expulsionmechanism of hydrocarbons indicates metamorphic fluid activity in the deep parts of crustin episodic manner,produce episodic tectonic movements.Taking the action of deep fluidactivity into account,it is necessary to re-evaluate inorganic origin,thermal degradationabout hydrocarbon generation and hot watermigration of hydrocarbons in the deep parts ofbasin。