鸟类与环境变迁关系剖析

本文所涉及的是将鸟类研究作为一种手段来认识生态环境问题。西双版纳勐仑地区原始森林面积减少以及人为活动对生态环境的影响,鸟种趋于减少,不同生态对策的鸟类情况各异。k-对策者受害最大,而极端r-对策鸟种在人为影响的环境中能获得优势地位。研究表明对环境的保护、自然资源的利用,必须从系统的观点全面考虑,西双版纳地区特别要着重保护好热带原生林。改善人工林层次结构,建立多层次人工生态群落可起到较好的环境保护作用,并能维持更多生物种类,发挥它们在生态环境中的有效功能。

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIRDS AND ENVIRONMENT VICISSITUDES

Through comparative study, the results showed that many bird species are quickly disappearing with the destruction of primary forest ecosystem in Xishuangbanna, however, some r-strategists such as Pycnonotus jocosus monticola and Passer montanus are dominant in the destroyed area. The damages are mostly to k-strategists, we are lossing many bird species which are important for present and future. Bird conservation in Xishuangbanna area should be put into ecosystem as a whole. If we do not do ecosystem research soon, we will have a grave problem with a poorer environment and living condition. The problem for bird reducing should be solving on the interactions between ecological and social systems, and applying a system approach to understanding the relationships between the natural and human components of development and environmental management. The study on bird distribution of Menglun area and vicinity is as an example which led us to understand the way of bird protecting and rational management of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna.