Ferromanganese nodules from the East Siberian Sea near Bennett Island

Ferromanganese nodules recovered from the bottom of the East Siberian Sea near Bennett Island are studied by coupled ultramicroscopic and ICP-MS methods. The majority of nodules are flattened dense formations 2.5 to 10 cm in cross section and circled by a thick rim, which is common in nodules from other Arctic basins. The major components of nodules are iron and manganese oxides in the form of ferruginous vernadite and magnetite, as well as accessory minerals, including apatite and titanomagnetite. The major and trace element compositions of nodules are comparable to Arctic nodules from other Arctic seas, but somewhat different compared to those from the Mendeleev Rise. A specific feature of these nodules is that they contain high amounts of mercury in all samples and a positive europium anomaly in one sample, along with gold; this may be related to the influence of endogenous gas-and-vapor exhalations.