泥蚶快速生长季生化代谢物的变化特征

研究了象山港泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)快速生长季(2020年5—11月)糖原、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸等代谢物的组成、含量及其变化,并对其营养特征变化进行了分析。结果显示,7—9月为泥蚶快速生长期,此期前后泥蚶生长缓慢。泥蚶肌肉糖原含量约5.6~11.1mg/g;牛磺酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸是其主要的游离氨基酸;不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,且主要为多不饱和脂肪酸。生长过程中几种生化代谢物含量变化显著:5—7月间,糖原含量显著降低、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成发生显著变化。7—9月间,糖原含量、生糖和呈味氨基酸含量显著升高、饱和及单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低,但脂肪酸组成结构无显著差异。11月,氨基酸及多不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著升高。11月泥蚶具有高的营养品质。本研究为泥蚶养殖管理及水产品营养研究提供参考。

Variations of biochemical metabolites in Tegillarca granosa during rapid growth period

In the present study, blood clam Tegillarca granosa grown in the intertidal of Xiangshan Bay were sampled during a rapid growth period (May-November, 2020), and the variations of the content and composition of the metabolites, such as glycogen, free amino acids and fatty acids, and consequently the nutritional qualities, were studied. The results showed that, the rapid growth period was from July to September, before or after that, the growth rate was low. Glycogen in muscle was 5.6-11.1 mg/g. Taurine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid were the most abundant amino acids. Unsaturated fatty acids were abundant and PUFA was the dominant. The biochemical metabolites variation significantly during the growth period. In July, the content of glycogen decreased significantly compared to that in May. Free amino acids and fatty acids significantly changed as well during this period. From July to September, the contents of glycogen, amino acids that correlated to glycogen and seafood taste increased significantly, while SFA and MUFA decreased significantly. However, the composition of fatty acids was not significantly different between the two months. In November, the contents of amino acids and PUFA increased significantly. The content of total sterol did not change significantly. Relatively the highest nutritional benefits were achieved in November. This study applied the references in aquaculture management and food nutrition researches of blood clam.