Vulnerability and sustainable development mode of coal cities in Northeast China

In this study,by carrying on the spot investigation to the seven coal cities in Northeast China and interviewing with the local authority and the residents,the authors definite the vulnerability that is closed to exposure,sensitivity and resilience,and set up vulnerability model of coal cities in Northeast China.At the same time,the authors broadly illustrate how the components of natural-social-economic system act in the coal area,so as to probe the ways to reduce vulnerability more effectively,such as preferential national policy and so on.Furthermore,the article studies the relationship between vulnerability and sustainable development.Vulnerability is a spatio-temporal function of sustainable development.The regional sustainable development refrains the spiral ascending of vulnerability.And the regional vulnerability and sustainable development appear in turn.Then the article analyzes the natural vulnerability,social vulnerability and economic vulnerability of coal cities in Northeast China.At last,combing vulnerability model and situation of coal cities in Northeast China,the authors put forward regional technology innovation mode,multi-dimension structure transformation mode,attracting investment mode and recycling economy mode to reduce vulnerability.