Effects of land use,slope gradient,and soil and water conservation structures on runoff and soil loss in semi-arid Northern Ethiopia |
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Authors: | Gebeyehu Taye Jean Poesen Bas Van Wesemael Matthias Vanmaercke Daniel Teka Jozef Deckers |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection , Mekelle University , P.O. Box 231, Mekelle , Ethiopia gebex2005@yahoo.com, gebeyehu.wondim@ees.kuleuven.be;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven , Belgium;4. Georges Lemaitre Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute Universite Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium;5. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven , Belgium;6. Research Foundation Flanders , Brussels , Belgium;7. Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection , Mekelle University , P.O. Box 231, Mekelle , Ethiopia |
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Abstract: | April lightning production in Richmond County, Georgia, from 1995 to 2003 is considered with regard to the associated risk to golfers and spectators at the Master's Golf Tournament and courses throughout the county. An examination of the April lightning climatology of Georgia, focusing on Richmond County, reveals a minimum in lightning activity during the time of the tournament (the first full week of April). A discriminant analysis of Richmond County lightning production utilizes several meteorological variables in order to discern between three categories of April lightning days: little or no lightning activity, minimal lightning activity, and high lightning activity. The analysis distinguishes relatively well between the categories with only 13.5% of the events misclassified. A composite regional analysis of the three lightning categories illustrates the environmental differences between these events. Although the little or no lightning and high lightning categories are somewhat similar environmentally, the intensity of features separates these events and allows for interpretation. The statistical and synoptic analyses together emphasize the importance of low-level instability and frontal proximity and intensity in enhancing lightning production in thunderstorms during April in and surrounding Richmond County. A multitude of meteorological conditions can lead to thunderstorm development. Localized studies of these environments, especially during times of major outdoor sporting events, are needed to help mitigate the risk associated with lightning. |
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Keywords: | Ethiopian highlands runoff plot soil erosion water harvesting cropland rangeland stone bunds trenches |
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