城市地下空间开发分层体系的研究

为统一城市地下空间在规划开发过程中的分层标准,文中统计了国内外主要城市的地下分层情况和相关规范要求，并分别就自然因素和社会因素对城市地下分层的影响进行分析。其中自然影响因素主要有地形地貌和工程地质分布，该因素决定了地下空间开发的难度和成本；社会影响因素主要有城市规模、区位条件和地方政策法规，城市人口规模和经济水平决定了地下空间的需求量。结果表明，区域的开发需求量和开发难度决定了城市地下空间的开发规模，进而影响到地下空间的分层。多数城市常以15 m、30 m为界将地下空间划分为浅层、次浅层、深层；浅层地下空间受地形地貌影响较大，宜分区域进行分层，陡坡处宜沿着与地面垂直方向进行分层。在此基础上建立了一套地下分层评价指标体系，对后续的城市地下空间规划工作具有指导和借鉴意义。

Study on the stratified system in urban underground space development

In order to unify the standards of the underground stratification system, this paper collected the related data of underground stratification requirements for major domestic and international cities, and analyzed the main natural and social factors for the urban underground space development. The main natural factors are terrain, geomorphology and engineering geology distribution, which determine difficulties and costs of underground space development. The main social factors are city scales, location conditions, and local policies and regulations, which determine demands for underground space. The results show that regional demands and difficulties in development determine the development scales, which in turn affect the underground stratification. In most cities, the underground space is divided into shallow, sub-shallow and deep layers that are separated at 15 m and 30 m depths, respectively. The shallow underground space is greatly influenced by topography and geomorphology and should be stratified in the sub-shallow region. The underground space should be layered along the normal of the ground surface in the steep slope area. Based on them, this paper established a hierarchical evaluation index system for underground space, which provided a certain guidance and reference significance for urban underground space planning.