浅谈城市地下空间开发中的关键科学问题与创新思路

城市地下空间开发是提高城市土地利用率，扩大城市容积率，增强城市综合承载能力，缓解交通拥堵，解决环境污染及洪涝灾害等“城市病”，促进城市可持续发展的重要途径。概述了目前我国城市地下空间开发中存在的问题及危害，分析了城市地下空间开发中涉及地下建筑结构与地质结构系统的关键科学问题：地质结构要素间的多场耦合作用机理不清；地质结构系统动态平衡的动力学机制不明；地质结构与地下建筑结构的互馈机理仍需深入探索；地下建筑结构的灾变机理及其演化的动力学机制不清；地下空间工程的灾害预测与动态调控机制有待深入研究。最后提出了相应的创新思路：研究施工扰动下地质结构的多场耦合作用机制与边际效应以及地质结构与地下建筑结构在多场耦合作用下的互馈机制和综合系统的动力学过程，概化其力学模型；厘清内外动力作用对地下建筑结构的边界效应及材料性能劣化机制，破解复杂地质结构环境下地下建筑结构灾变机理及演化过程，建立地下建筑结构与地质结构综合系统的灾变理论；建立城市地下空间工程灾害超前判识、预警预报与风险控制理论及安全防护理论体系，形成地下空间工程的防灾减灾机制。

The critical issues and creative concepts in the development of urban underground space

One of the important approaches to promote sustainable development of cities is the development of urban underground space. This approach has several significant benefits, including increasing urban land utilization ratio, expanding urban volume ratio, enhancing urban carrying capacity and alleviating urban diseases such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, flood disaster and so on. Here, we summarized the main problems and hazards in the urban underground space development process. We also analyzed the current critical issues related to underground and geological structures such as the multi-field coupling mechanism between geological structural elements, the dynamic mechanism of geological structural system, the interaction mechanism between geological and underground structures, the catastrophe and dynamic evolution mechanisms of underground structures, and the disaster prediction and dynamic regulation mechanism of underground space engineering. These critical issues are being examined and need further exploration in the future. Finally, based on the above analyses, we suggested the corresponding creative concepts, which include research on multi-field coupling mechanism, decryption of triggering and evolutionary mechanisms, and establishment of theory of early warning system. This study presents a wide range of research possibilities for future underground space development.