Geochemical facies model of ore formation in the Grythyttan-Hällefors area,Bergslagen, Central Sweden |
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Authors: | Dr Marek A Zakrzewski |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Institute of Earth Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1007 MC Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | The different iron and manganese ore deposits of the Grythyttan-Hällefors area display an arrangement that reflects a systematic change in redox conditions from oxidic banded iron formation into highly reduced graphite-bearing slates. This phenomenon is explained by a facies model. The different environmental conditions are also held to be responsible for the geochemical differentiation of base metal deposits into Cu ores associated with minerals of Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au, and Pb-Zn-Ag ores associated with minerals of Sb, Mn, As, Sn, Cu. Spatial relationships between deposits of these two groups and certain iron and manganese deposits point to a common source of all metals, possibly connected with exhalative derivates from basic volcanism.
Zusammenfassung Die verschiedenen Eisen- und Manganerz-Bildungen des Grythyttan-Hällefors-Gebietes zeigen Verhältnisse auf, die einem systematischen Wechsel der Redoxbedingungen wiedergeben, von oxidischer Bändereisenerzbildung bis hin zu stark reduzierten graphitführenden Schiefern. Dieses Phänomen wird durch ein Fazies-Modell erklärt. Die unterschiedlichen Milieu-Bedingungen werden auch als Ursache für die geochemische Diferentiation unedler Metall-Ablagerungen in Cu-Erze angesehen, die mit Mineralien assoziiert sind, die Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au führen und in Pb-Zn-Ag-Erze in Verbindung mit Sb-, Mn-, As-, Sn- und Cu-führenden Mineralien. Die räumlichen Beziehungen zwischen Ablagerungen dieser zwei Gruppen und gewissen Eisen- und Mangan-Bildungen weisen auf eine gemeinsame Quelle aller Metalle hin, die möglicherweise mit exhalativen Derivaten eines basischen Vulkanismus in Verbindung steht.
Résumé Les différents gisements de minerais de Fe et Mn de la région de Grythyttan-Hällefors montrent une disposition qui réflète un changement systématique dans les ernolitions de réduction des formations rubanées de fer oxydé en phyllades graphiteux. Ce phénomène s'explique suivant un modèle faciétal. Les différentes conditions de l'environnement sont ainsi rendues responsables de la différentiation géochimique des gisements métallifères de base en minerais de Cu associés à des minéraux de Bi, Co, Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au et des minerais de Pb-Zn-Ag associés à des minéraux de Sb, Mn, As, Sn, Cu. Des relations spatiales entre les gisements de ces deux groupes et certains gisements de Fe et Mn indiquent une source commune pour tous les métaux, en liaison possible avec des émanations du volcanisme basique.
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![khcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1093.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![fcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1092.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![bcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1073.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) , ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yacy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) , ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![shchcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) Bi, ![Scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1057.gif) , Mo, As, Zn, Pb, Au, ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![tscy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![bcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) — ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) , ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) Sb, Mn, As, Sn, ![Scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1057.gif) . ![Pcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1103.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1101.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![gcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![pcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1087.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![dcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1102.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1073.gif) ![shchcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ycy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1099.gif) , ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![rcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![bcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1075.gif) ![vcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ucy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1072.gif) ![icy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1079.gif) ![mcy](/content/u21717l686466701/xxlarge1084.gif) .
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