冬季中高纬500hPa高度和海表温度异常特征及其相关分析

用旋转主分量（ＲＰＣ）方法，分析１９４８年到１９８８年４０个冬季的中高纬５００ｈＰａ高度场以及全球海表温度异常（ＳＳＴＡ）场的最主要的时空分布特征。然后通过交叉相关来讨论海气的同期相关特征。结果显示，冬季中高纬５００ｈＰａ高度场最明显的异常型分别是太平洋北美型（ＰＮＡ），西太平洋型（ＷＰ），西大西洋型（ＷＡ）以及东大西洋欧亚型（ＥＡＥＵ）。冬季ＳＳＴＡ最明显的区域是赤道东太平洋（ＥＥＰ）和赤道大西洋（ＥＡＬ）。其次是中纬度东北太平洋（ＮＥＰ）及两大洋西部（ＮＷＰ和ＮＷＡ）。中高纬度海气之间有很好的相关。与中高纬度５００ｈＰａ高度场ＰＮＡ型明显相关的是中高纬度东北太平洋（ＮＥＰ）和赤道东太平洋（ＥＥＰ）的ＳＳＴＡ。前者的强相关中心在中高纬；后者的强相关中心在中低纬。而与ＷＡ型明显相关的是中高纬度北大西洋的ＳＳＴＡ。中高纬度海气之间最强的相关在海气异常对应的空间位置上。而且这种区域性或邻域性的海气相关呈正相关，暖ＳＳＴＡ对应于正高度异常，冷ＳＳＴＡ对应于负高度异常

CORRELATION IN MIDDLE AND HIGH LATITUDES BETWEEN WINTER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND 500 HPA GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT

The method of rotational principle component (RPC) was used to diagnose the temporal and spatial distributions in winter of the geopotential height at 500 hPa and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the period from 1948 to 1988.Crossed correlation was then used to study their correlation feature.Results not only confirmed the existence of the teleconnection patterns of the Pacific and North America (PNA) pattern,the western Pacific (WP) pattern,and the west Atlantic (WA) pattern in the geopotential height fidld as identitied by Wallace and Gutzler in 1981 by using a different technic,but also found a new pattern (EAEU) which starts from the eastern Atlantic and crosses the Eurasian Continent.The most significant SSTA pattern in winter is associated with the SSTA in the eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic.This is followed by the mid latitnde SSTAs on the northeast Pacific,western Pacific and western Atlantic. It was found that there exists good correlation between the atmosphere and the SSTA in the middle and high latitudes.The PNA pattern is most significantly correlated with the SSTA in the middle and high latitudes of the northeastern Pacific Ocean,as well as in the eastern Eqnatoricl Pacific Ocean;whereas the WA pattern is most significantly correalted with the SSTA in the middle and high latitudes of the northern Atlantic Ocean.The strongest correlation between the atmosphere and the SSTA in the middle and high latitudes is found over the SSTA region;and the correlation is positive.Above normal geopotential height is over warmer SSTA region;whersas below normal geopotential height is over colder SSTA regio.