近30年吉林市景观格局变化及气候效应

在ArcGIS、ENVI、Excel和FRAGSTATS软件支持下, 利用景观指数中的斑块数量、最大斑块指数、斑块密度、周长面积分维数、聚集度和香农多样性指数, 对1980年、1995年和2010年的吉林市景观格局进行了分析。结果表明:近30年间吉林市斑块数量、斑块密度、周长面积分维数和香农多样性指数呈先增加后减少的趋势, 聚集度呈先减少后增加的趋势, 最大斑块指数逐渐减少;林地景观面积、草地景观面积一直在减少, 湿地景观面积呈先增加后减少趋势, 旱田景观面积逐渐增加。在东北地区气候变化背景下, 吉林市景观格局的变化对该区气候产生了一定的影响, 使该区气温上升、降雨量减少。吉林市景观格局变化与气温、降雨量变化的空间分布格局有较好的对应关系。

The Change of Landscape Pattern in Jilin City and Its Effects on the Climate During the Past 30 Years

To analyze the landscape pattern of Jilin City in 1 980,1 995 and 2010,the number of patches,patch density,the largest patch index,perimeter-area fractal dimension,aggregation index and Shannon diversity index were used by employing ArcGIS,ENVI,Excel and FRAGSTATS platforms. The results showed that the number of patches,patch density,perimeter-area fractal dimension,and Shannon diversity index increased first and then decreased,aggregation index decreased first and then increased,and the largest patch index was increased during the past thirty years in Jilin City.The areas of forest and grassland landscape had been reduced during the whole term,the area of wetland had increased first but reduced afterwards, and the area of dry landscape had expanded. Under the background of climate changing in the Northeast China,the changing of landscape pattern should have a certain effect on the climate of Jilin City.In this area,temperature increased and rainfall decreased.This study provides a scientific basis for the regional landscape ecological evaluation,landscape planning and management.A good relationship was found between the changing of landscape pattern and the spatial distribution patterns of the temperature and rainfall of Jilin City.