Numerical modeling study of mineralization induced by methane cold seep at the sea bottom |
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| Institution: | 1. CAGE - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, NO 9037, Norway;2. Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research (VBPR) AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway;3. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Pb. 1172, 0318 Oslo, Norway;4. The Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;5. Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CERTH/CPERI), 52 Egialias street, Athens GR-151 25, Greece;1. MARUM — Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany;2. IFREMER, Unité de Recherche Géosciences Marines, 29280 Plouzané, France;3. Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;4. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;5. Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;1. The Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel;2. Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel;3. Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the response of authigenic minerals to gas hydrate geo-systems, the biogeochemical processes and its induced mineralization were predicted by employing the comprehensive reactive transport modeling approach. Based on the available data extracted from the northern continental slope area of the South China Sea, a 1-D vertical column model was developed. Three cases with different upward methane flux rates and three cases with different mineral compositions, i.e., a total of six cases were designed to investigate the effects of variations in the depth of sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) and in the mineral composition on the formation of authigenic minerals. The simulation results indicate that the SMTZ depth influenced by both the upward methane flux rate and the initial composition played an important role in the formation of authigenic minerals. The AOM reaction is intensive at the interface, and the precipitation amount of calcite is large, which is mainly controlled by AOM. When the methane leakage rate is 20 times higher than the base case, aragonite starts to precipitate. During the simulation, oligoclase, k-feldspar, smectite-Na, smectite-Ca, chlorite dissolved. Our study specific to this area as a starting point may provide a quantitative approach for investigating carbonate and pyrite formation in hydrate-bearing sediments accounting for methane oxidation and sulfate reduction. The method presented here and the model built in this study can be used for other sites with similar conditions. In addition, this study may serve as an indication for the potential natural gas hydrate reservoir in depth, and is also significant for marine carbon and sulfur cycle. |
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| Keywords: | Cold seep carbonates Methane migration Anaerobic oxidation of methane Sulfate reduction Numerical model |
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