阪神地震对大城市防震减灾工作的启示

１９９５年１月１７日，日本关西兵库县南部发生７．２级地震（阪神地震），神户一带遭受巨大损失，人员伤亡惨重，这次地震是自唐山地震之后近２０年来，世界上最引人注目的一次地震事件。本文首先从地震预报的角度，简要地介绍了阪神地震前观测到的中短期前兆异常，包括震群活动、地震空区，水中氯离子浓度增加以及低频电磁辐射等，分析了阪神地区的地震危险性，指出在中期预测圈定的强震危险区，加强短临预测的跟踪，是最佳地震对策，也是起到减轻地震灾害，取得实际御防效果的基础．同时提出推进工程抗震研究，发展城市抗震工程学，提高城市综合防御地震危害的必要性。最后，文中对近期我国东部震情作了简要分析，并对强化监测，努力捕捉短临前兆信息，提出了相应的建议。

Enlightenment of earthquake disaster reduction in urban area from the Kobe Earthquake

The Kobe Earthquake of Jan.17,1995 IS one of the most damaging earthquakes in the recent history of Japan. More than 5 300 people were killed and more than 100 000 build ings were destroyed.It is also the most significant event in the world since the Tangshan earthquake of 1976.In the paper,the medium and short term earthquake precursors ob served prior to the Kobe Earthquaked of M=7.2 are introduced from the earthquake prediction point of view,such as the anomalous earthquake swarms,foreshocks,seismic gap, increasing of C1 in water and electro-magnetic emission etc.It is indicated that the best countermeasures for earthquake disaster is to strengthen the monitoring of earthquake pre cursory phenomenon in the area which has been recognized as an earthquake potential region based on the medium-term earthquake Prediction research. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to promote the scientific level of earthquake engineering research,develop the compre hensive defense system in large cities to mitigate seismic hazards.Finally,the earthquake tendency of Eastern China in the near future is discussed briefly.