利用光学卫星遥感数据监测抚顺地区煤矿开采引起的地貌变化

抚顺市是中国重要的采煤城市之一,100多年的煤矿开采已经使抚顺地区的地貌特征发生了重大变化。由于长期的露天开采,抚顺西露天矿形成了一个海拔约为-300m的深坑;煤矿的地下开采造成了大面积的地表沉陷;与此同时,煤矸石的露天堆积形成了3个排土场。本研究利用多时相的美国Landsat MSS（Multispectral Scanner）,TM（Thematic Mapper）,ETM+（Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus）,以及日本ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）卫星遥感数据分析过去近30年来抚顺地区煤矿开采所引起的地貌变化。多时相卫星遥感图像的对比分析显示,由于地面沉陷引起的地表积水面积在近5年（2001～2006年）内出现明显增大的趋势,增加了1.73km。同期的ASTER DEM数据对比分析还发现,西露天矿的开采深度在不断增加,最大增加量为55m,与此同时出现的新增排土场造成地面高程增加量最大为25m。这一研究表明利用遥感技术可以定量监测人类矿产开发活动所引起的地貌特征变化及其过程。

MONITORING OF GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH COAL MINING USING OPTICAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING DATA IN FUSHUN CITY,NE CHINA

Fushun,one of the most famous coal mining cities in China,is located in Fushun Basin,Liaoning Province.Fushun coal field which started its industrial products in 1901 is mainly concentrated in the basin.Geomorphological changes have appeared in Fushun area due to over 100-year's coal mining.West Open Coal Mine is a famous man-made hole in Asia due to long time open mining.A large subsidence region has appeared in eastern Fushun area due to long time underground mining.Meanwhile,three man-made hills have been piled up by mass of waste rocks produced from coal mining activities.In recent years,geomorphological changes are still going on with open and underground coal mining.Satellite remote sensing technology can provide continuous spatial and temporal data to monitor this kind of geomorphological changes effectively.In this study,multi-temporal and multi-source satellite remote sensing data were used to monitor the geomorphological changes associated with coal mining activities in Fushun area.Three-dimentional perspective imagery generated from ASTER data clearly shows the geomorphological characteristics of the West Open Coal Mine,the subsidence region,and three waste rock piling fields.Multi-temporal Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+and ASTER remote sensing images reveal that the water flooding area was enlarged by 1.73km² during the 2001～2006 period due to the development of surface subsidence.Multi-temporal ASTER DEM images also indicate that the mining depth of the West Open Coal Mine increased up to 55m in 2001～2006.Meanwhile,multi-temporal ASTER images showed that two new waste rock piling fields appeared in subsidence region,resulting in a maximum elevation increase of 25m in the same period.This study shows that surface geomorphological changes associated with coal mining can be quantitatively detected in a high accuracy using satellite remote sensing technology.