煤田小断层识别的几个主要影响因素分析

针对构建的全波场地质模型,依据波动方程理论,对数据采集及处理过程中诸如主频、速度误差、横向分辨率、自由地表等因素对识别小地质构造的影响程度进行研究：①通过模拟正演3m、5m断层模型,认为有效分辨小断层的采集主频至少要达到60Hz以上;②对于速度分析误差,10%的速度误差是小断层有效识别的上限;③提高地震波的主频,减小第一菲涅尔带半径,提高横向异常的分辨能力;④在地表地层倾斜的情况下,共中心点（CMP）抽道方法存在缺陷,建议采用CRP抽取道集和采用叠前时间偏移成像技术。

Some Main Contributing Factors in Coalfield Minor Fault Identification

Through full-wave field geologic modeling by the use of wave equation theory,discussed contributing extent of basic frequency,velocity error,transverse resolution and free surface etc.on minor fault identification during data acquisition and processing： ① through forward modeling of 3m,5m throw faults,figured out the basic frequency of acquisition should be above 60Hz to identify minor faults effectively;② velocity error 10% is the upper limit of precise identification;③ to increase seismic wave basic frequency can reduce radius of the first Fresnel zone to improve resolution of lateral anomaly;④ In the condition of slanting surface and strata,the sorting CMP gather has bugs existed,thus the sorting CRP gather and prestack time migration imaging technology are suggested.